Aircraft wing explained part.2

..................... After we discovered how the shape of the wing's airfoil created lift force which were based on Bernoulli's principle and how to make use of it , now we take the next step of analyzing  how the shape and structure of the wing itself contributed on the performance of the aircraft, in which how the aerodynamic advantages and dis-advantages of each of the following shape and structure.


 PART.2 

"THE SHAPE" 

  When we talk about the aircraft wings shape, we are actually talking about the model of the wind flows that flows around it. As we know that to be an effective lift force, the wings must produce enough pressure on the underneath and smoother flow at the top of the wings, this however only focuses on the wings cutaway structure in a one sided point of view, this second part however will focuses on the stream flowing around the wings at the top point of view on an aircraft.

To make it clear let me show you an example of top viewed wings shaped.

wing's shapes table from top point of view.

compared to side viewed wing's cutaway

to be continued.

•   Straight shaped wings

 This wings are usually found on slow,short range commuter plane such as cessna built planes, 

Cessna 172 drawing design. showing it's straight wing.

Cessna 172 during flight.

  This type of aircraft wings are the first type to be introduced and installed on an engine-powered  aircraft

the Flyer I of the Wright brother's. compared to other type of wings , this shape of wings provide simplicity in manufacturing and provide ease in maintenance, which resulted in this type 172 are commonly seen all around the world and popular among flying schools. 

 Advantages:

1. Easy to manufacture compared to other design models.
2. Quiet easy for maintenance
3. Simplicity which contributed to cheap and low price
4. higher drag produced at the front edge increases drag, thus provide the aircraft the ability to land on short strips of airfields.
5. high lift forces.

Dis-Advantages:

1. Higher drag means higher power to create lift, resulted in higher need in gasoline. ineffective an costly for mass and rapid transportation.
2. Slow compared to other type of wings designed caused by the large drag at the edge of the wings.
3. un-economic for long range distance travel.

• Swept back wing shape

  Swept back wings are a major improvement in wings design, since before WW2, most aircraft adopt the straight wing design. 

  The idea of swept wing design allow the airflow flows smoother at the edge of the angled wings which allows  more speed compared to the straight one, however since the airflow pass at higher rate of speed the pressure below the wings drop resulting in the decrease of lift force of the aircraft. Swept wing design are used most common on commercial and military aircraft in service worldwide these days.

The Dreamliner used the latest advancement in swept back design wings.

  Swept wings are aimed at an angles for efficiency, to steep then the aircraft would lose lift and unlikely to take off and to straight forward will cause fuel deficiency. 

the diagram of a swept back shape wings.